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The cytokine hypothesis of depression: inflammation, oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and leaky gut as new targets for adjunctive treatments in depression. Minireview
This paper hypothesizes that inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) pathways, and an increased translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria are causally related to depression following external (psychological) and internal (organic) stressors and that IO&NS pat...
Neuroendocrinol Lett Vol 29 Supplement 1, 2008
Neuroendocrinol Lett Vol 29 Supplement 1, 2008. "Biological Treatment in Psychiatry; beyond the Psychopharmacology"
The GPR54-Kisspeptin complex in reproductive biology: neuroendocrine significance and implications for ovulation induction and contraception. REVIEW
KISS1 encodes the kisspeptin (KP) family of peptides which were originally characterised as potent antimetastatic agents in breast cancer and malignant melanoma cells. One member of this family of arginine-phenylalanine amide peptides, KP-54, was subsequently identified as ...
Bright Light Therapy.
Bright light is a treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder. Other indications for bright light therapy have also been tested. These include non-seasonal depression, bipolar depression, chronic depressive disorder, ante- and postpartum depression, late luteal phas...
Why fish oils may not always be adequate treatments for depression or other inflammatory illnesses: Docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, induces a Th-1-like immune response
BACKGROUND: We have shown that a depletion of ω3 polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression, in part because ω3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory effects. ω3 PUFAs are frequently employed to treat depression. Most if not all antidepres...
Increased serum IgM antibodies directed against phosphatidyl inositol (Pi) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and major depression: evidence that an IgM-mediated immune response against Pi is one factor underpinning the comorbidity
Major depression and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are accompanied by signs of oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) and an inflammatory response. Phosphatidyl inositol (Pi) is thought to play a role in depression. The aim of the present study is to examine whether depre...
The immune effects of TRYCATs (tryptophan catabolites along the ido pathway): Relevance for depression – and other conditions characterized by tryptophan depletion induced by inflammation
Immune activation is accompanied by induction of indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme which degrades tryptophan, a phenomenon which plays a role in the pathophysiology of major depression and post-natal depression and anxiety states. TRYCATs – tryptophan catabol...
Genetic loading on human loving styles
OBJECTIVES: It has been hypothesized that cerebral neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin could play a role in human romantic bonding. However, no data on the genetic basis of human romantic love are currently available. To address this issue, we looked for associ...
Melatonin and tryptophan as therapeutic agents against the impairment of the sleep-wake cycle and immunosenescence due to aging in Streptopelia risoria
All organisms present circadian rhythm in most of their physiological functions, and among them there stand out sleep, motor activity, immune function, the secretion of melatonin, and the production and release of numerous neurotransmitters, in particular of serotonin becau...
Normalization of the increased translocation of endotoxin from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) is accompanied by a remission of chronic fatigue syndrome
There is now evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by an increased translocation of endotoxins from gram-negative enterobacteria through the gut wall, as demonstrated by increased prevalences and median values for serum IgM and IgA against the endotoxi...
Detection of HIV-1 sequences in intestinal bacteria of HIV/AIDS patients
OBJECTIVES: Bacterial DNA isolated from the intestinal tract of 11 American and 30 Slovak HIV/AIDS patients were analyzed by colony and dot blot hybridization assay for HIV-1 specific sequences. Secondly, PCR using primers specific for the HIV-1 gag, pol and env genes for d...
Occurrence of lead in placenta – important information for prenatal and postnatal development of child
This work points out consequences of lead on prenatal and postnatal development of child that have not been elaborated in such extent before. Our new method for proof of lead in placenta enabled us to show how lead is from mother’s blood erythrocytes in the intervillous s...
Photodynamic therapy with Verteporfin in subfoveal choroidal metastasis of breast carcinoma (A controlled case)
A 55-year old woman with growing unilateral subfoveal choroidal metastasis of breast carcinoma was treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. Best corrected visual acuity remained stable during the whole follow-up of 6 months. Tumor flattened from 2.2 mm to 0 m...
Removal of dental amalgam decreases anti-TPO and anti-Tg autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
OBJECTIVES: The impact of dental amalgam removal on the levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies was studied in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) with and without mercury allergy. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with AT...
Low-grade systemic inflammation and the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese children and adolescents
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that low-grade systemic inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum inflammatory markers and selected parameters known as ...
Apoplexy of clinically silent pituitary adenoma during prostate cancer treatment with LHRH analog
LHRH analogs have become a promising modality in prostate cancer therapy as an alternative to surgical castration, and the use of these agents is generally considered to be safe. Since now, only few cases of an apoplexy of previously undiagnosed pituitary adenoma (usually g...
Mercury and autism: Accelerating Evidence?
The causes of autism and neurodevelopmental disorders are unknown. Genetic and environmental risk factors seem to be involved. Because of an observed increase in autism in the last decades, which parallels cumulative mercury exposure, it was proposed that autism may be in p...
Cardiovascular toxicity of the first line cancer chemotherapeutic agents: doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, streptozotocin and bevacizumab
OBJECTIVES: Although the mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of congestive heart failure after anti-cancer therapy are largely unknown, both the formation of free radicals in the myocardium and inflammatory cytokines with resultant production of neurohormones could be...
Autologous biograft and mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of the diabetic foot
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to test a new technique for treatment of chronic non-healing wound (diabetic ulcer) using autologous biograft composed of autologous skin fibroblasts on biodegradable collagen membrane (Coladerm) in combination with autologous mesenchyma...
Increased levels of transition metals in breast cancer tissue
OBJECTIVES: High levels of transition metals such as iron, nickel, chromium, copper, and lead are closely related to free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, formation of DNA strand breaks, and tumor growth in cellular systems. In order to determine the correlation to m...
A prospective assessment of androgen levels in patients with autistic spectrum disorders: biochemical underpinnings and suggested therapies
Impairments in social relatedness and communication, repetitive behaviors, abnormal movement patterns, and sensory dysfunction characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Seventy consecutive patients with an ASD diagnosis (DSM-IV criteria, ≥ 6 years-old) who presented ...
Traumatic dissociation, epileptic-like phenomena, and schizophrenia
OBJECTIVES: According to recent evidence, trauma and stress are important etiological factors in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the hypothetical influence of traumatic stress on epileptic-like (or kindling) phenomena in schizophrenia is at this time unclear. METH...
Importance of diet in protection against oxidative damage
OBJECTIVES: In humans, epidemiological evidence suggests that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables can substantially enhance the protection against many common types of cancer. METHODS & RESULTS: A molecular epidemiological study in 3 Slovak factories producing a...
Dominance, submissivity (and homosexuality) in general population. Testing of evolutionary hypothesis of sadomasochism by internet-trap-method.
OBJECTIVES: Dominance and submissiveness represent strong sexual arousal stimuli for a considerable part of population. In contrast to men’s sexual dominance and women’s sexual submissiveness, the opposite preferences represent an evolutionary enigma. Here, we studied p...
Neurobehavioural changes in rats after neonatal anoxia: effect of antioxidant stobadine pretreatment
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the synthetic pyridoindole antioxidant stobadine (STO, 50mg/kg/day) on behavioural alterations induced by acute neonatal anoxia in rat offspring. METHODS: STO was administered orally from day 15 of gestation u...
Abnormal metabolism in obesity
Obesity is becoming more prevalent in the developed world because of the abundance of food and the decrease of physical activity. Obesity is a risk factor for a host of diseases from arthritis to cardiovascular disease. The precise mechanisms by which obesity promotes these...
A meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 in the United States
BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is an ethylmercury-containing compound (49.6% mercury by weight) used as at the preservative level in vaccines (0.005% to 0.01%). METHODS: Statistical modeling in a meta-analysis epidemiological assessment of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Syste...
A letter of Greeting for the Inaugural Issue of Biogenic Amines
We have set out to review the basic and applied biogenic amine studies related to catecholamine and serotonin in Japan and the other Asian countries in order to assist global research in this field. As a matter of course, we open the door to clinical research. In Japan, res...
Oxidative detoxication of carcinogenic 2-nitroanisole by human, rat and rabbit cytochrome P450
OBJECTIVES: The detoxifying metabolism of a potent rodent carcinogen, 2-nitroanisole (2-NA) by human, rabbit and rat cytochromes P450 (P450) was investigated. Comparison between P450s of experimental animals and humans is essential for the extrapolation of animal carcinoge...
Mercury toxicity presenting as Chronic Fatigue, memory impairment and depression: Diagnosis, treatment, susceptibility, and outcomes in a New Zealand general practice setting (1994–2006)
In a group of 465 patients diagnosed as having chronic mercury toxicity (CMT), 32.3% had severe fatigue, 88.8% had memory loss, and 27.5% had depression. A significant correlation was found between CMT and the Apo-lipoprotein E4 genotype (p=0.001). An investigation into an ...
Nonadherence to antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenic disorders
Adherence to treatment is a general indicator of quality and success of communication between the physician and the patient. It means the extent to which patient behaviour, in terms of taking medications, following diets, or executing life-style changes, coincides with medi...
A new mutation in WFS1 gene (C.1522-1523delTA, Y508fsX421) may be responsible for early appearance of clinical features of Wolfram syndrome and suicidal behaviour
OBJECTİVE: Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the association of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. It is also known by the acronym DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness). PATİ...
Toxicological aspects of flavonoid interaction with biomacromolecules
OBJECTIVES: Flavonoids are widely accepted as health promoting phytochemicals, however, some flavonoids show ability of direct interaction with DNA and/or enhance carcinogen activation into DNA modifying agents. Thus, their potential harmful effect on the human body should ...
Key Aspects of Melatonin Physiology: Thirty Years of Research
Numerous studies of melatonin, by now widely acknowledged as a circadian rhythm-affecting neurohormone, also describe its anti-oxidant, anti-cytotoxic or immune-modulating activity. While emphasizing the multifunctional aspect of melatonin action, this review presents the r...

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS including Psychoneuroimmunology, Neuropsychopharmacology, Reproductive Medicine, Chronobiology and Human Ethology ISSN 0172-780X.

A peer-reviewed transdisciplinary Journal covering Neuroendocrinology, Psychoneuroimmunology, Neuropsychopharmacology, Reproductive Medicine, Chronobiology and Human Ethology for RAPID publication of Original Papers, Review Articles, State-of-the-Art, Clinical Reports, Meta-Analyses and other contributions from all the fields covered by Neuroendocrinology Letters. E-mail: info@nel.edu

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No part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or ortherwise, without prior written permission from the Editor-in-Chief: editor@nel.edu